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Mtambue hayati Bi Kidude

18 Aprili 2013

Fatuma Binti Baraka anaefahamika kama Bi Kidude, anakisiwa kwamba amezaliwa 1910, akiwa mtoto wa muuza nazi aliyegeuka kuwa msanii maarufu visiwani Zanzibar na kwengineko kwa ujumla

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Nairobi, KENYA: Iconic Swahili traditional music Taarab star, Zanzibar's Bi Fatuma Binti Baraka, but popularly known as Bi Kidude, performs during a show in Nairobi, Kenya 13 October 2006 with part of her group of dancers. A documentary on the life of the ancient artist, entitled 'As Old As My Tongue' premiered in Zanzibar in February, is set to tour the world's film festivals, including FESPACO in Ouagadogou and is currently being screened in Paris' Panorama of Ethographic Film festival before proceeding to other festivals in Miami, Cannes, Mexico city and London, among other cities. The documentary encapsulates the musical journey of now Zanzibar's most famous and controversial cultural ambassador, whose age is disputed to be bwteen 93 and 113 years old, from her early debut onto the music scene in the 1920's to one of her famous World tours and simplistic lifestyle despite achieving international fame and notoriety for her Unyago brand of music, a musical form of traditional counselling to young afiance'd muslim women on sexual and matrimonial matters before marriage, which combined with a seeming absence of much of her history has given her a mythical status which is expected to bolster her fame. AFP PHOTO/TONY KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images)
Mwimbaji wa Zanzibar Bi KidudePicha: Tony Karumba/AFP/Getty Images)

Yeyote akimuuliza kuhusu umri wake wake anasema hawezi kuutaja lakini alizaliwa zama za sarafu ya rupia. Ilikuwa sarafu iliyotumiwa katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki mpaka wakati wa vita vya kwanza vya dunia. Bi Kidude si kwamba alikuwa na mvuto kwa sauti yake nzuri ya kuimba taarab lakini pia namna ya muonekano wake katika jukwaa. Ingawa alikuwa mzee lakini alikuwa maarufu na mwenye kufurahisha watu wa umri tofauti hadi vijana.

Taarab ni mchanganyiko wa musiki wa Kiarabu na kiafrika

Taarabu ni sehemu ya mchanganyiko wa muziki wa Kiswahili na wenye kuchanganyika na Kihindi na Kiarabu inatumia ala za udi, fidla, filimbi na ngoma. Kwa kiasi kikubwa muingiliano wa tamaduni za Kiswahili na Kiarabu unatokana Zanzibar kuwa mji wa uliyochini ya mamlaka ya Sultan wa Oman. Zanzibar ilikuwa kituo cha biashara ya utumwa kwa mataifa ya rasi ya kiarabu.

Nairobi, KENYA: Iconic Swahili traditional music Taarab star, Zanzibar's Bi Fatuma Binti Baraka, but popularly known as Bi Kidude, performs during a show in Nairobi, Kenya 13 October 2006 with part of her group of dancers. A documentary on the life of the ancient artist, entitled 'As Old As My Tongue' premiered in Zanzibar in February, is set to tour the world's film festivals, including FESPACO in Ouagadogou and is currently being screened in Paris' Panorama of Ethographic Film festival before proceeding to other festivals in Miami, Cannes, Mexico city and London, among other cities. The documentary encapsulates the musical journey of now Zanzibar's most famous and controversial cultural ambassador, whose age is disputed to be bwteen 93 and 113 years old, from her early debut onto the music scene in the 1920's to one of her famous World tours and simplistic lifestyle despite achieving international fame and notoriety for her Unyago brand of music, a musical form of traditional counselling to young afiance'd muslim women on sexual and matrimonial matters before marriage, which combined with a seeming absence of much of her history has given her a mythical status which is expected to bolster her fame. AFP PHOTO/TONY KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images)
Mwimbaji maarufu wa Zanzibar akiwa na wasanii wenzakePicha: Tony Karumba/AFP/Getty Images)

1920, Bi Kidude alikuwa akiimba rasmi katika matamasha ya kitamadauni. Alizaliwa katika kijiji kidoko Mfagimalingo mjini Unguja, alikuwa ni mwimbaji wa kwanza wa kike katika eneo la Zanzibar. Ilikuwa ni hatua kubwa kwa wanawake hasa wanawake wanaovaa baibui vazi la kujisitiri kwa wanawake wa Pwani ya afrika mashariki.

Kupigania haki za wanawake

Alikuwa na ujasiri mkubwa wakati alipotoroka katika visiwa vya Zanzibar kukwepa ndoa ya lazima akiwa na umri wa miaka 13. Baadae akawa mtu anaejihusisha sana na muziki wa taarab kwa kufanya ziara mbalimbali za muziki huo katika maeneo ya afrika mashariki.

Nairobi, KENYA: Iconic Swahili traditional music Taarab star, Zanzibar's Bi Fatuma Binti Baraka, but popularly known as Bi Kidude, performs during a show in Nairobi, Kenya 13 October 2006 with part of her group of dancers. A documentary on the life of the ancient artist, entitled 'As Old As My Tongue' premiered in Zanzibar in February, is set to tour the world's film festivals, including FESPACO in Ouagadogou and is currently being screened in Paris' Panorama of Ethographic Film festival before proceeding to other festivals in Miami, Cannes, Mexico city and London, among other cities. The documentary encapsulates the musical journey of now Zanzibar's most famous and controversial cultural ambassador, whose age is disputed to be bwteen 93 and 113 years old, from her early debut onto the music scene in the 1920's to one of her famous World tours and simplistic lifestyle despite achieving international fame and notoriety for her Unyago brand of music, a musical form of traditional counselling to young afiance'd muslim women on sexual and matrimonial matters before marriage, which combined with a seeming absence of much of her history has given her a mythical status which is expected to bolster her fame. AFP PHOTO/TONY KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images)
Mwimbaji Bi Kidude enzi za uhai wakePicha: Tony Karumba/AFP/Getty Images)

Baada ya kurejea Zanzibar 1940, pamoja na kuwa mtu mwenye umaarufu mkubwa lakini aliendelea kuishi katika nyumba yake iliyotengenezwa kwa udongo. Mbali na muziki alikuwa akijihusisha na vyama vya kijamii na kutoa elimu ya unyago kwa wasichana katika visiwa hivyo.

Taarabu ni maisha yangu

Kwa kutumia muziki wenye hisia na huzuni Bi Kidude aliimba kwa mtindo wa aina yake wenye mvuto. Hakuweza kujali kuhusu miiko, aliolewa mara mbili, na alikuwa anavuta sigara na mwaka uliyopita akikuwa anakunywa sana pombe. Katika jamii isiyopenda mabadikilo lakini aliweza kuishi.

Wakati akiwa katika jukwaa alikuwa akipebnda kubadili miondoko. Kwa hiyo alikuwa akitoa wakati mgumu sana kwa wanamuziki wanaompogia vyombo mbalimbali katika bendi husika kwa wakati huo.

Zanzibar, TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF: Zanzibari legend singer Bi Kidude bint Baraka, in her nineties, performs at the third Sauti za Busara Music Festival, 11 February 2006 in Zanzibar. Starting back in the 1920s, Bi Kidudue is the Island's leading exponent of the ancient ritual dance, performed exclusively for teenage girls, which use traditional rythym to teach women to please their husbands, while lecturing against the dangers of sexual abuse and oppression. Late 2005, Bi Kidude was awarded World Music Expo (WOMEX) lifetime achievement award, as part of recognising her more than 80 years of singing and serving as a cultural mediator and advisor of the younger generations, on mattres of sex and marriage. She is a proper symbol of World Music's emancipatory, liberating and strengthening power. WOMEX is the world's premier network event exclusively dedicated to international music of all kinds. AFP PHOTO/MWANZO MILLINGA (Photo credit should read MWANZO MILLINGA/AFP/Getty Images)
Bi Kidude akicharaza ngoma kwa ustadiPicha: Mwanzo Millinga/AFP/Getty Images)

Washabiki wake walikuwa wakipenda sana mawazo yake ya kubadili miondoko au nyimbo akiwa katika jukwaa. Ingawa mwanamke huyo alikuwa mwenye umbo dogo lakini alikuwa akipiga ngoma katika kiwango cha kushangaza wengi.

Mirindimo yake na namna alivyokuwa na nguvu na uwezo wa kupiga ngoma ilikuwa ikishangaza sana idadi kubwa ya watu mpaka mwaka uliyopita. 2005 alipata tuzo kutokana na kutukuza muziki na utamaduni wa Zanzibar. Bi Kidude alikufa baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu katika nyumba yake ndogo mjini Zanzibar ambayo ndimo yalikuwa makazi yake. Wakazi wa visiwa vya Zanzibar na kwengineno wanaomboleza kifo cha malkia wa Taarab Bi. Kidude.

Mwandishi: Andrea Schmidt/Sudi Mnette
Mhariri: Mohammed Abdul-Rahman