Nelson Mandela: Mutumin da ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa dan samar da 'yancin walwala

Fara'ar sa ne yawancin al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu za su tuna. "Madiba" shi ne sunan da ake kiran shi cikin ƙauna da harshen shi na Xhosa, kuma shi ne sabuwar al'amar 'yanci da walwalar 'yan ƙasa

An haifi Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ranar 18 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1918 a lardin kudancin Cape. Bayan da ya kammala makaranta ya shiga karatun shari'a, inda tun lokacin da yake karatun ya fara siyasa da gwagwarmayar yaƙi da mulkin wariyar launin fata. Daga shekarar 1952 ya fara aiki da ofishin lauyoyin dake ƙarƙashin jagorancin baƙaƙen fata kuma shekaru 8 bayan nan aka ƙona wannan ofishi

Wariyar launin fata - nuna banbanci mafi tsanani tsakanin baƙaƙe da fararen fata, wanda ya yi tasiri kan rayuwar Mandela tun yana yaro, mahaifin shi ya ba shi suna Rolihlahla da harshensu na Xhosa wanda ke nufin "wanda ya karya reshe"

A farkon rayuwarsa yana sha'awar Dambe, "a filin daga, matsayi, shekaru da launin fata ba su taka wata muhimmiyar rawa," kalamansa ke nan da yake kwantata irin son da yake wa wasannin motsa jiki. Ko lokacin da yake ɗaure ya riƙa yin wasannin motsa jiki

1964: 'Yan sanda sun yi ta tura mutane daga jikin ginin kotu, lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shari'ar Nelson Mandela da sauran masu adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata. A shari'ar da aka kira "Rivonia" an yanke wa Nelson Mandela hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai saboda fafutukar siyasar da ya yi.

Nelson Mandela ya yi rayuwa cikin wani ɗan ƙanƙanin daƙi na tsawon shekaru 18 daga cikin shekaru 27 da ya yi a ɗaure. A lokacin da yake ɗauren an san shi ne da waɗannan lambobin "46664", "A wurin, da lambobi kaɗai aka san ni ba da suna ba" a cewar sa bayan da aka sako shi.

Lokacin da yake ɗaure a gidan kaso, sauran masu adawa da mulkin na wariyar launin fata sun cigaba da fafutuka, musamman matarsa na da, Winnie Mandela (wadda ke tsaye a tsakiya) a lokacin ta zama ɗaya daga cikin jagororin masu adawa da mulkin tsirarun fararen fata.

A filin wasan Wembley na birnin Landan a watan Yulin shekarar 1988, mawaƙan da suka yi suna a duk duniya sun taru dan yin bukuwan cikansa shekaru 70 da haihuwa, inda suka riƙa yin jawaban nuna adawarsu da mulkin wariyar launin fata. Kusan mutane 70,000 suka halarci wannan biki wasu ɗaruruwa kuma suka kalla a talabijin a gida, aƙalla ƙasashe 60 suka sami damar kallon wannan biki

Bayan shekaru 27, ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1990 aka sako Mandela. Shi da mai ɗakinsa Winnie sun yi ta ɗaga hannayensu sama suna nuna farin cikin nasarar da gwagwarmayar baƙaƙen fata ta yi kan mulkin wariyar launin fatar farare.

Ya koma cikin jagororin jami'yyar ANC. A watan Mayun shekarar 1990 Mandela na tattaunawarsa ta farko da shugaban ƙasar wancan lokacin Frederik Willem de Klerk. Sun haɗa kai tare suka nemi hanyar kuɓutar da Afirka ta Kudu daga mulkin wariyar launin fata. Kuma a dalilin haka ne aka karrama su biyun da kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel a shekarar 1993

Oliver Tambo (hagu) da Walter Sisulu (dama) su ne abokan farko na Nelson Mandela. A shekarar 1944 su da wasu suka samar da reshen matasa na jami'yyar ANC inda suka riƙa shirya zanga-zanga dan nuna adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata. Tare aka yankewa Sisulu da Mandela hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, shi kuma Tambo ya yi shekaru 30 ya na gudun hijira yawancin lokutan a Landan.

Ranar 10 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1994, Afirka ta Kudu ta shiga tarihi, bayan da ta gudanar da zaɓe mai sahihanci na farko, an rantsar da shi a matsayin shugaba ɓakin fata na farko. Ya kasance a mukamin har zuwa shekarar 1999, daga nan sai ya miƙa kujerar mulkin ga magajinsa a fagen siyasa Thabo Mbeki

Mandela ya so ya gyara laifukan da aka yi lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata, saboda haka a shekarar 1996 ya girka hukumar bayyana gaskiya da sasantawa. Shugaban hukumar shi ne Arch Bishop Desmond Tutu na Afirka ta Kudu wanda daga baya ya sami lambar yabo na Nobel. Sai dai aikin na hukumar bai kasance babu suka ba, domin waɗanda abin ya shafa ba su so masu laifi su tafi ba hukunci ba

15. Mai 2004: Afirka ta Kudu ta sami damar karɓar baƙoncin gasar ƙwallon ƙafar na shekarar 2010. Cikin alfahari Mandela ya ɗaga kofin gasar sama. Ƙasar baki ɗaya ta yi murna tare da Mandela a matsayin wanda ya kawo gasar ƙasarsu. Wannan ne karon farko da gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafar ya zo nahiyar Afirka.

A shekarar 2008, an sami ɓarkewar rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da tashe-tashen hankula a ƙauyukan talakawa da manyan birane a Afirka ta Kudu. A lokacin 'yan gudun hijira da dama sun rasu, har mutane suka riƙa tambayar kan su ko wannan ne ƙasar da Mandela ya girka, inda kowa ya rika rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali.

Kafin rasuwarsa, Mandela ya riƙa janye kansa daga al'umma yana mayar da hankali kan iyalinsa. A nan yana bukin cika shekaru 93 tare da yaran shi da jikokin shi