Burmese refugees

Long-time Burmese pro-democracy activist Aung San Suu Kyi will make her first trip outside Asia since her release from house arrest to present a speech to a labor conference in Geneva next week. Afterwards she will travel to Norway to accept the Nobel Peace Prize - 21 years after it was first awarded to her for her firm stance against the tyrannical Burmese regime.

While the global community is keeping a keen eye on the newly released Burmese opposition leader, Suu Ki's international appearances seem to be a positive sign of the political changes taking place in Myanmar, which until recently was ruled by a dictatorial junta.

Despite the ruling party having allowed Suu Kyi's release from house arrest, the junta maintains a tight grip on power, continues to hold political prisoners and commits gross human rights violations toward Myanmar's ethnic communities.

Almost one third of Myanmar's 60 million people belong to one of the country's 100 ethnic minority communities. Civilians living in ethnic minority areas are the worst affected by the internal conflict the country has endured over the past 60 years, according to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Myanmar.

But the political change taking place across the country means little for the millions of Burmese refugees who have escaped religious or political persecution and fled to South East Asian countries, especially India's capital, Dehli.

Fleeing persecution

Walking down a congested street in Dehli's Vikaspuri neighborhood on a Sunday morning, the sound of a church choir can be heard singing in Burmese. More than 500 Burmese Christians gather in a makeshift church - they escaped religious persecution and wound up calling this bustling Indian community home.

Most of the people in the large room, above a shop in local market area belong to the Zomi or Chin ethnic groups. The room is full - most of women wear traditional red and black sarongs.

Sanlek, a 35-year-old refugee, came to Delhi in 2009. She says the church brings back a lot of memories of home, a place she yearns to return to. "We miss home, it is our land. We gave birth there, we brought up our children there, we grew up there."

Sanlek remembers the evening in January 2009 when a group of men in military fatigues stormed the village church next to her home. They began arresting everyone for illegally practicing Christianity. Sanlek was with her husband and four children when the men started assaulting them. "They took my husband away. Then they beat me and slapped and kicked my children, all four of them. After we fled from our house, they burned it."

During the commotion, Sanlek lost sight of her husband, but managed to escape with her four children. They spent the night hiding in the fields. The next morning, they boarded the first bus to the Indian border with another family also forced to flee the village. It took nine days to get to Manipur, India's North Eastern state which shares a border with Myanmar. There she stayed with her children for three months, before moving to Delhi in April 2009. Twelve months passed before she got news about her husband. "In December 2010, I got news he was dead. It happened that day." Sanlek's husband was murdered the night the uniformed men came to the village.

Pastor Lian Bawi was forced to flee to India after escaping an attack on his life when he was trying to build a Christian church in his local village. "The government, the military, they all want the people to be Buddhists. But as Christians, we cannot leave our religion." He said even today Christian minorities which have remained in Western Myanmar continue to be government targets. "We have no one to help us. We are in a jungle, living in a jungle. We don't have any protection, no police to help us. They can kill us, beat us, do anything to us."

Hope for change

Like Sanlek and Pastor Bawi, thousands of Burmese fled Myanmar because of religious and political persecution over the past decade. The United Nations estimates over 400,000 Burmese have left due to the injustices they suffered, with many crossing the border into Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh and India.

In the city of Delhi, there are nearly 9,000 Burmese registered with the UN Refugee Agency. Many of them are from Myanmar's minority groups. As a refugee in India, Burmese like Sanlek can earn a modest living making candles or using their traditional skill of weaving.

In one community center for Burmese refugees, women sit on the floor 12 hours a day operating looms. At lunchtime, they gather outside on the street to cook a simple meal of rice and noodle soup. It's the only thing they can afford to eat on a daily basis.

Life as a refugee can be difficult. On the one hand, things in Myanmar are apparently getting better. Yet none of the Burmese refugees in India have volunteered to go back home, says Nayana Bose, from the UN Refugee Agency. "Developments in Myanmar are certainly very positive. But for the moment the refugees are obviously watching. They're following every news item they can see, they're following it on the Internet, in their discussions, they're discussing it with each other."

Huddled over a computer in a tiny one-room apartment, Sanlek and her roommates are reading about the political developments in their country. They read about Aung San Suu Kyi's victory in the recent elections in Myanmar, her plans to travel internationally and the ceremony that will take place when she is presented with the Nobel Peace Prize, 24 years after it first being awarded to her. This news fills Sanlek and her friends with hope. But, that hope soon fades. Even Suu Kyi's new role in Myanmar's political system does not make them trust the government that once gave orders to kill their families. They say it's the same people in power. The only difference: they don't wear a military uniform anymore.

The international community will continue to follow with great interest the developments in Myanmar, and especially the actions of Suu Kyi, as it appears she is the country's best hope for a stable political future.

But for now returning home feels like a distant dream for the Burmese refugees living in India. For now, one thing that keeps them going is their faith. They continue to pray that one day they will be able to return home to Myanmar and live without fear.

Author: Pracheta Sharma, Delhi / jlw
Editor: Michael Lawton